Paper?Based Bacterial Lysis Enables Sample?to?Answer Home?based DNA Testing

Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the gold standard for infectious disease diagnostics. Currently NAATs are mainly limited to centralized laboratories, while paper-based antigen tests used rapid home-based DNA extraction, initial sample preparation step in NAATs, remains a bottleneck that hinders its development toward kits. This requires use of compounds detrimental enzymes downstream amplification. Here, this work overcomes by immobilizing enzyme achromopeptidase (ACP) on nitrocellulose, both store and enable separation from other steps. provides proof-of-concept immobilized ACP effective at lysis release amplifiable gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis enables lysate directly amplification, without need heat deactivation enzyme. method only incubation 37 °C mild agitation, which allows implement it with fully disposable affordable equipment. Consequently, combine extraction isothermal recombinase polymerase (RPA) followed lateral flow detection demonstrate sample-to-answer NAAT packaged as an instrument free self-test kit expanding capabilities home-testing beyond tests.